We continue to work closely with our interagency partners to locate and arrest them. The United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL) was established on 22 September 1993 to exercise good offices in support of the efforts of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the Liberian National Transitional Government: to implement peace agreements; investigate alleged ceasefire violations; assist in maintenance of assembly sites and demobilization of combatants; support humanitarian assistance; investigate human rights violations and assist local human rights groups; observe and verify elections. The United Nations Support Mission in Haiti (UNSMIH) was established on 28 June 1996 to assist the Government of Haiti in the professionalization of the police and in the maintenance of a secure and stable environment conducive to the success of current efforts to establish and train an effective national police force. Practices, Procedures and Working Methods, Provisional Rules of Procedure (S/96/Rev.7), Security Council Practices and Charter Research Branch, ISIL (Da'esh) & Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee, Ombudsperson ISIL (Da'esh) & Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee, The Democratic Republic of Congo Sanctions Committee, International Independent Investigation Commission, Procurement of DPRK coal by Member States, Supply, sale or transfer of all refined petroleum products to the DPRK, The Central African Republic Sanctions Committee, Narrative Summaries of Reasons for Listing, Ombudsperson to the ISIL (Da'esh) and Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee, Reports of "Hitting the Ground Running" workshop, VTCs, meetings and outcomes during COVID-19, Reports of the Security Council Missions , United Nations Integrated Office in Burundi (BINUB), United Nations Mission in Cte dIvoire (MINUCI), United Nations Peacebuilding Support Office in Liberia (UNOL), United Nations Integrated Office for Sierra Leone (UNIOSIL), United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO), Missions of the Security Council and the Secretary-General, Representatives, Mediators, Coordinators, and Good Offices, Subsidiary Organs Proposed but Not Established, Current Subsidiary Organs of the Security Council. The way the experts and the administration see it, maintaining fewer than 1,000 troops in Syria is worth the occasional risk and minimal cost. In accordance with resolution 1827 (2008) of 30 July 2008, the Mission was terminated on 31 July 2008. It is late January when Jurga Didziokaite returns to the Faouar school in Syria that the United Nations Disengagement Observation Force (UNDOF) peacekeepers recently refurbished. This unit will be based in Baidoa, Somalia's Southwest state, where they will spend a year The mandate was later revised to enable the Mission to assist the democratic Government in Haiti to sustain a stable environment, professionalize the armed forces, create a separate police force, and establish an environment conducive to free and fair elections. They are going to get rolled up and slaughtered, said one former senior defense official. We cannot return to those days," a senior administration official told NatSec Daily, speaking on the condition of anonymity to speak freely about internal thinking. The United Nations Military Observer Group for India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) was established by the Security Council on 21 April 1948 through the adoption of resolution 47 (1948). For general information on peacekeeping operations, please visit the official Department of Peacekeeping website. Al-Assads main backer, Russia, has also called for the US to leave. While there are concerns about Russia and Iranian-backed militias gaining a greater foothold in the countrys center and east, a major reason for the U.S. presence is deterring Turkey from launching an attack against the SDF a group it considers terrorists. If we arent able to tell between the French and British if we are friends or foes the term is not neutral then we are heading for serious problems, Macron said. With regards to al-Tanf, if there is a serious nuclear deal agreement, or if there is a deal with regards to the US hostages held by the Syrian regime, the withdrawal may be on the table, Alsaloum told Al Jazeera. Since then, UNDOF has remained in the area to maintain the ceasefire between the Israeli and Syrian forces and to supervise the implementation of the disengagement agreement. UNAMID formally took over from African Union Mission in the Sudan (AMIS) on 31 December 2007. They will be sworn into their roles on Aug. 22. Today, August 26, 2022, at 2:04 pm, one of the ZNPP power units that were shut down yesterday was connected to the power grid. Its hard to predict when ISIS would be thoroughly unable to reconstitute its ranks or when the Iraqi government no longer needs cross-border help fending off Iranian militias, experts and officials said. UNReliefChief. Kremlin TV Desperately Wants You to Move to Russia Right Now, How this Marine Corps clarinetist evacuated 2 US embassies in 1 year, "An (Air) Force to Be Reckoned With: Defense Strategy and Innovation. The purchase will allow Australia to continue bolstering its Indo-Pacific presence to counter China, as relations between both countries have soured due to trade disagreements in the past year. There are a variety of words and phrases used by scammers to hook unsuspecting men and women into relationships. US military changes explanation of attack on base in Syria By The Associated Press Apr 15, 2022 Soldiers from 1/163rd Combined Arms Battalion unload M2A3 Bradley Fighting Vehicles off a U.S.. Transitioning to a new defense-adjacent or foreign policy-focused gig? The United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL) was established in July 1991 to verify implementation of all agreements between the Government of El Salvador and the Frente Farabundo Marti para la Liberacion Nacional, including a ceasefire and related measures, reform and reduction of the armed forces, creation of a new police force, reform of the judicial and electoral systems, human rights, land tenure and other economic and social issues. The United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala (MINUGUA) was established in January 1997 to verify the Agreement on the Definitive Ceasefire signed on 4 December 1996 between the Government of Guatemala and the Unidad Revolucionaria Nacional Guatemalteca concluding the Guatemalan Civil War. The United Nations Yemen Observation Mission (UNYOM) was established in July 1963 to observe and certify the implementation of the disengagement agreement between Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Republic. It was going back to Iraq. UNGOMAP was mandated to monitor non-interference and non-intervention by the parties in each other's affairs; the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan; and the voluntary return of refugees. The United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) was established on 25 October 1999 to administer the Territory of East Timor, exercise legislative and executive authority during the transition period and support capacity-building for self-government. Speaking last year, Brett McGurk, the White House coordinator for the Middle East and North Africa, said the US had four main objectives in Syria: to reduce violence, maintain military pressure. The United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad (MINURCAT) was established on 25 September 2007 in order to contribute to the protection of civilians, promote human rights and the rule of law and promote regional peace amongst Chad and the Central African Republic. One carried out a mock execution of Mykytenko, pointing his AK-47 at his head and then shooting the wall next to him, he recalled.". There are still approximately 900 US soldiers in Syria. On 18 December 2020, the Security Council unanimously adopted resolution 2555 (2020), extending until 30 June 2021 UNDOFs mandate of maintaining the ceasefire between Israeli and Syrian troops and supervising the areas of separation and limitation while requesting the SecretaryGeneral to ensure that the Force has the required capacity and resources to fulfil its mandate in a safe and secure way. The end of World War II (1939-1545) by Germany's (May 8) and Japan's surrender (August 15) brought a major socio-political transformation in the colonialised nations of Asia. Despite President Barack Obamas talk of a red line should the al-Assad government use chemical weapons in Syria, it was only under President Donald Trump that the first direct attacks against the Syrian government were conducted. UNICEF Executive Director Catherine Russell said the Feb. 6 quake that rocked southeast Turkey and parts of northern Syria has compounded existing crises in war-torn Syria. Gen. Frank McKenzie, center front, the top U.S. commander for the Middle East, walks as he visits a military outpost in Syria, Saturday, Jan. 25, 2020. In recent years, Washington has pulled back from its previously more extensive role in the country, but has stayed on in a limited capacity in some areas, ostensibly to fight ISIL (ISIS) and limit Irans influence in the country. In the current situation in Syria there's no peace to keep. estimated to have up to 3,000 military personnel in Syria (2022) note: Iran has recruited, trained, and funded thousands of Syrian and foreign fighters to support the ASAD regime during the Syrian civil war Ireland 130 Golan Heights (UNDOF); 320 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (May 2022) Italy The mandate included facilitating the implementation of the Agreement; monitoring the ceasefire; monitoring the withdrawal of foreign forces and providing security in the transport corridors; providing technical assistance and monitoring the entire electoral process. Have a natsec-centric event coming up? The United Nations Preventive Deployment Force in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (UNPREDEP) was established on 31 March 1995 to monitor and report any developments in the border areas which could undermine confidence and stability in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and threaten its territory. In addition, ONUCA played a part in the voluntary demobilization of the Nicaraguan Resistance and monitored a ceasefire and the separation of forces agreed by the Nicaraguan parties as part of the demobilization process. They are organized by region, and then under relevant areas or subregions, placed chronologically starting with those established most recently. So, for now, the counter-ISIS/deter Turkey/fill the vacuum/support Iraq mission with about 900 troops will continue. Jensen Guillory. The Syrian Democratic Forces have proven to be immensely effective at expelling ISIS from northeastern Syria. The United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) was established on 27 June 2011 to monitor and verify the redeployment of any Sudan Armed Forces, Sudan Peoples Liberation Army or its successor from the Abyei area as well as facilitate the delivery of humanitarian aid and the free movement of relief workers in and around Abyei. To select a mission, click on the pin/marker on the map; you will see a slide of the mission at the right side of the map, which has a link (" Go to the mission fact sheet ") directing you to. The United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan (UNMOT) was originally established in 1994 to monitor the ceasefire agreement between the Government of Tajikistan and the United Tajik Opposition. UKRAINIANS DESCRIBE TORTURE AS POWS: YURI MYKYTENKO, a police officer in the southeastern city of Berdyansk, was held captive by Russians during the war one of the thousands Moscows forces have held since the invasion. That said, no one we spoke to could describe the conditions under which U.S. troops could leave Syria. Top UN-appointed rights investigators on Wednesday urged renewed efforts for a political solution to Syria's devastating war, which has been marked by an uptick of violence and a deepening humanitarian crisis in recent months. Having fulfilled its tasks, UNGOMAP ceased operations on 15 March 1990. 9 March 2022 Human Rights. The United Nations Iran-Iraq Military Observer Group (UNIIMOG) was established on August 9 1988 "to verify, confirm and supervise the ceasefire and withdrawal, of the forces of Iraq and Iran to their internationally recognized boundaries. It was not long ago that Syria was used as territory to launch attacks throughout Europe and to inspire attacks around the world. The eastern Syria raids announced on Wednesday appear to be part of the latter, with Central Command spokesperson Colonel Joe Buccino saying the strikes were necessary to protect and defend US personnel, and a response to an August 15 attack targeting US forces that was allegedly launched by Iranian-backed militias. Hey Folks, our friends in Turkey and Syria need all the help we can give. Russia has since called on the US to withdraw from al-Tanf. Such an event would destroy any chance of a long-needed political settlement to the war, even if one remains far off. What the piece doesn't capture, is the CHMRAP is the roadmap to not only generate that policy, but to make sure it proliferates military doctrine and planning in perpetuity, the Center for a New American Security senior fellow tweeted. MACRON FIRES BACK: French President EMMANUEL MACRON cast more doubt regarding the state of relations with the United Kingdom after LIZ TRUSS claimed "the jury is still out" on whether Macron is "friend or foe". Its tasks included monitoring the cessation of hostilities, accompanying and supporting the Lebanese armed forces as they deployed throughout the south of Lebanon, and extending its assistance to help ensure humanitarian access to civilian populations and the voluntary and safe return of displaced persons. . Following the signing of the 1997 general peace agreement, UNMOT's mandate was expanded to include peace agreement monitoring. UNAMSIL successfully completed its mandate in December 2005 and was succeeded by the United Nations Integrated Office for Sierra Leone (UNIOSIL). ONUSAL was terminated on 30 April 1995. ITS FRIDAY. The UN-led peace process, including the constitutional committee, made virtually no progress this year, following a fifth round of talks held in January 2021. The Middle East mission comes under the title. UNOMUR was officially closed on 21 September 1994. Our broader commitment to the Afghan people endures, and we will continue to pursue principled diplomacy and other measures to ensure that Afghanistan never again becomes a haven for international terrorists.. Dozens of military aircraft and several vessels from the People's Liberation Army conducted drills near Taiwan on Tuesday, according to the island's ministry of defense. The United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria ( UNSMIS) was a United Nations peacekeeping mission in Syria, set up in 2012 as a result of United Nations Security Council Resolution 2043 in response to the Syrian Civil War. ROB LODEWICK tells NatSec Daily. In resolution 2350 (2017), following the termination of the mandate of MINUSTAH, the Security Council established a follow-on United Nations Mission for Justice Support in Haiti (MINUJUSTH) with the mandate to assist the Government of Haiti to strengthen rule of law institutions in Haiti. The mission was suspended on 15 June 2012 and terminated 19 August 2012. Lawrence Ukenye is an editorial intern at POLITICO. The United Nations Observer Mission in Sierra Leone (UNOMSIL) was established on 13 July 1998 to monitor and advise efforts to disarm combatants and restructure Sierra Leones security forces after the civil war with the Revolutionary United Front (RUF). Following the complete withdrawal of the Missions military component, MINUSTAH was terminated on 15 October 2017. Following the successful conclusion of its mandate, UNMIBH was terminated on 31 December 2002 and succeeded by the European Union Police Mission (EUPM). The following terms and abbreviations are used throughout the entry: AMISOM - Africa Union (AU) Mission in Somalia; UN-supported, AU-operated peacekeeping mission, BATUS - British Army Training Unit Suffield, Canada, BATUK - British Army Training Unit, Kenya, CSTO - Collective Security Treaty Organization, ECOMIG - ECOWUS Mission in The Gambia; Africa Union-European Union peacekeeping, stabilization, and training mission in Gambia, EUFOR - European Union Force Bosnia and Herzegovina (also known as Operation Althea), EuroCorps - European multi-national corps headquartered in Strasbourg, France, consisting of troops from Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, and Spain; Greece, Italy, Poland, Romania and Turkey are Associated Nations of EuroCorps, G5 Joint Force - G5 Sahel Cross-Border Joint Force comprised of troops from Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania, and Niger, KFOR - the Kosovo Force; a NATO-led international peacekeeping force in Kosovo, MFO - Multinational Force & Observers Sinai, headquartered in Rome, MINUSCA - United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic, MINUSMA - United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali, MNJTF - Multinational Joint Task Force Against Boko Haram comprised of troops from Benin, Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria with the mission of fighting Boko Haram in the Lake Chad BasinMONUSCO- United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, NATO - North American Treaty Organization, headquartered in Brussels, Belgium, Operation Barkhane - French-led counterinsurgency and counter-terrorism mission in the Sahel alongside the G5 Joint Force; headquartered in NDjamena, Chad and supported by Canada, Denmark, Estonia, the European Union, Germany, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the US, Operation Inherent Resolve - US-led coalition to counter the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria and provide assistance and training to Iraqi security forces, UNAFIL - United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon, UNAMID - African Union - United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur, Sudan, UNDOF - United Nations Disengagement Observer Force, Golan (Israel-Syria border), UNFICYP - United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus, UNISFA - United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (Sudan-South Sudan border), UNMISS - United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan, UNSOM - United Nations Assistance Mission in Somalia, note: since the 1990s, Australia has deployed more than 30,000 personnel on nearly 100 UN peacekeeping and coalition military operations, including in Cambodia, Rwanda, the Solomon Islands, Somalia, and East Timor, 170 Bosnia-Herzegovina (EUFOR stabilization force); 300 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR); 200 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (Aug 2022), 1,375 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 1,625 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO; plus about 190 police); 120 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 1,100 Mali (MINUSMA; plus about 280 police); 1,600 South Sudan (UNMISS); 180 Sudan (UNISFA) (2022), 125 France (contributing member of EuroCorps); 250 Romania (NATO) (2022)note: in response to Russias 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Belgium, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe, 260 (plus about 160 police) Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022), approximately 300 Mozambique (Southern African Development Community force) (2023), 650 (plus about 180 police) Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022)note: Burkina Faso is part of a four (formerly five)-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G4 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Chad, Mali (withdrew in 2022), Mauritania, and Niger; it has committed 550 troops and 100 gendarmes to the force; as of 2020, defense forces from each of the participating states were allowed to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the force is backed by France, the UN, and the US, 760 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 5,400 Somalia (ATMIS) (2022), 225 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 180 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 290 Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022), 750 (plus about 350 police) Central African Republic (MINUSCA) (May 2022)note: Cameroon has committed approximately 2,000-2,500 troops to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although crossborder operations occur occasionally, the CAF has nearly 1,400 military personnel forward deployed for NATO air, land, and sea missions in the European theater, including up to 650 troops in Latvia and 140 in Romania (2022)note: in response to Russias 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Canada, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe, 1,450 Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022)note 1: Chad has committed approximately 1,000-1,500 troops to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own territories, although crossborder operations are conducted periodically; in 2019, Chad sent more than 1,000 troops to Nigerias Borno State to fight Boko Haram as part of the MNJTF missionnote 2: Chad is also part of a four (formerly five)-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G4 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Chad, Mali (withdrew in 2022), Mauritania, and Niger; it has committed 550 troops and 100 gendarmes to the force; as of 2020, defense forces from each of the participating states were allowed to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the force is backed by France, the UN, and the US, 425 Mali (MINUSMA); 225 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 420 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 1,050 South Sudan (UNMISS); up to 2,000 Djibouti (May 2022), 130 Kosovo (KFOR/NATO) (2022)note: in response to Russias 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe, up to 130 Lithuania (NATO); 130 Slovakia (NATO) (2022)note: in response to Russias invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe, approximately 220 Estonia (NATO); approximately 750 Latvia (NATO); approximately 100 Middle East/Iraq (NATO) (2022)note: in response to Russias 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Denmark, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe, 1,000 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 1,075 Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022), 5-10,000 Somalia (4,500 for ATMIS; the remainder under a bilateral agreement with Somalia; note - bilateral figures are prior to the conflict with Tigray); 250 Sudan (UNISFA); 1,475 South Sudan (UNMISS) (2022), since 2003, the EU has launched more than 30 civilian and military crisis-management, advisory, and training missions in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East, as well as counter-piracy operations off the coast of Somalia and a naval operation in the Mediterranean to disrupt human smuggling and trafficking networks and prevent the loss of life at sea (2022)note: in response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the EU announced that it would develop a rapid deployment force consisting of up to 5,000 troops by 2025, 170 Egypt (MFO); 165 Iraq (UNAMI); 150 Golan Heights (UNDOF) (2022), approximately 300 Central African Republic; 300 Comoros; approximately 900 Cote d'Ivoire; approximately 1,450 Djibouti; 220 Estonia (NATO); approximately 2,000 French Guyana; approximately 900 French Polynesia; approximately 1,000 French West Indies; 350 Gabon; approximately 500 Middle East (Iraq/Jordan/Syria); 600 Lebanon (UNIFIL); approximately 1,400 New Caledonia; approximately 1,700 Reunion Island; approximately 800 Romania (NATO); approximately 350 Senegal; approximately 650 United Arab Emirates; approximately 2,500 West Africa (Chad, Niger; Operation Barkhane, Operation Sabre) (2022)note 1: France has been a contributing member of the EuroCorps since 1992 note 2: in response to Russias 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including France, have sent additional troops to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe, up to 500 Iraq (NATO); 1,030 Lithuania (NATO); up to 1,400 Mali (MINUSMA/EUTM); 280 Slovakia (NATO) (2022)note 1:in November 2022, Germany pledged to withdraw its troops from Mali by Spring 2024note 2: in response to Russias 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Germany, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe, 140 Mali (MINUSMA); 875 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 725 (plus about 275 police) South Sudan (UNMISS); 650 Sudan (UNISFA) (2022)note: since sending a contingent of troops to the Congo in 1960, the military has been a regular contributor to African- and UN-sponsored peacekeeping missions, approximately 1,000 Cyprus; 100 Kosovo (NATO); 100 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (2022), 155 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) (May 2022), 160 Bosnia-Herzegovina (EUFOR stabilization force); 150 Iraq (NATO); 470 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR) (2022), 1,900 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 110 Golan Heights (UNDOF); 900 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 2,350 South Sudan (UNMISS); 310 Sudan (UNISFA) (May 2022), 225 (plus about 140 police) Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 1,025 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 1,225 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (May 2022), estimated to have up to 3,000 military personnel in Syria (2022)note: Iran has recruited, trained, and funded thousands of Syrian and foreign fighters to support the ASAD regime during the Syrian civil war, 130 Golan Heights (UNDOF); 320 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (May 2022), 120 Djibouti; approximately 700 Bulgaria (NATO); 900 Middle East/Iraq/Kuwait (NATO, European Assistance Mission Iraq); 640 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR); 250 Latvia (NATO); 875 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 400 Libya; 290 Niger; 250 Romania (NATO); 150 Somalia (EUTM) (2022)note: in response to Russias invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Italy, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe, 260 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 3,650 Somalia (ATMIS) (2022)note: in November 2022, Kenya sent approximately 900 troops to the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) as part of a newly formed East Africa Community Regional Force (EACRF) to assist the DRC military against the rebel group M23; the force is led by Kenya, 250 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 280 South Sudan (UNMISS); 170 United Arab Emirates; note - since 2009, South Korea has kept a naval flotilla with approximately 300 personnel in the waters off of the Horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula (2022), note: contributes about 350-550 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Poland and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units; units affiliated with the multinational brigade remain within the structures of the armed forces of their respective countries until the brigade is activated for participation in an international operation, 750 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) (May 2022), note: until announcing its withdrawal in May of 2022, Mali was part of a five-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Chad, Mauritania, and Niger; Mali had committed 1,100 troops and 200 gendarmes to the force, 470 (plus about 320 police) Central African Republic (MINUSCA) (May 2022)note: Mauritania is part of a four (formerly five)-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G4 Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali (withdrew in 2022), and Niger; it has committed 550 troops and 100 gendarmes to the force; as of 2020, defense forces from each of the participating states were allowed to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the force is backed by France, the UN, and the US, 860 South Sudan (UNMISS) (May 2022)note: from 2003 to July 2021, some 3,300 Mongolian troops served in Afghanistan, including about 1,300 under the NATO-led Resolute Support Mission (2015 to 2021); since 2002, Mongolia has deployed more than 19,000 peacekeepers and observers to UN operations in more than a dozen countries, 775 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 925 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) (May 2022), 790 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 1,150 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 400 Golan Heights (UNDOF); 870 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 235 Liberia (UNSMIL); 175 Mali (MINUSMA); 1,750 (plus about 220 police) South Sudan (UNMISS) (May 2022), 270 Lithuania (NATO); 125 Slovakia (NATO) (2022)note: in response to Russias 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including the Netherlands, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe, up to 220 Antarctica (summer season only) (2022), 875 Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022)note 1: Niger is part of a four (formerly five)-nation anti-jihadist task force known as the G5 (now G4) Sahel Group, set up in 2014 with Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali (withdrew in 2022), and Mauritania; it has committed 1,100 troops and 200 gendarmes to the force; as of 2022, defense forces from each of the participating states were allowed to pursue terrorist fighters up to 100 km into neighboring countries; the force is backed by France, the UN, and the USnote 2: Niger also has about 1,000 troops committed to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although crossborder operations are conducted periodically, 200 Ghana (ECOMIG) (2022)note: Nigeria has committed an Army combat brigade (approximately 3,000 troops) to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), a regional counter-terrorism force comprised of troops from Benin, Cameroon, Chad, and Niger; MNJTF conducts operations against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although crossborder operations are conducted periodically, up to 190 Lithuania (NATO) (2022)note: in response to Russias 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Norway, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe, 1,300 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 1,970 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 220 Mali (MINUSMA); 290 South Sudan (UNMISS); 220 Sudan (UNISFA) (May 2022), 215 Central African Republic (MINUSCA) (May 2022), 250 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR); up to 180 Latvia (NATO); 190 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 230 Romania (NATO) (2022)note 1: Poland contributes about 2,500 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Poland and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units; units affiliated with the multinational brigade remain within the structures of the armed forces of their respective countries until the brigade is activated for participation in an international operationnote 2: in response to Russias 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Poland, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe, 200 Central African Republic (MINUSCA/EUTM); up to 150 Lithuania (NATO); approximately 170 Romania (2022)note 1: in 2021, Portugal deployed about 80 troops to Mozambique to assist with the EU training missionnote 2: in response to Russias 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Portugal, have sent additional troops to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europenote 3: Portugal also participates in several NATO maritime and air policing operations, as well as some EU international missions, information varies; approximately 3,000 Armenia; approximately 2,000 Armenia/Azerbaijan (peacekeepers for Nagorno-Karabakh); estimated 3,000-5,000 Belarus; approximately 7,000-10,000 Georgia; approximately 500 Kyrgyzstan; approximately 1,500 Moldova (Transnistria); estimated 2,000-5,000 Syria; approximately 5,000 Tajikistan (2022)note 1: in February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine with an estimated 150,000 troops; prior to the invasion, it maintained an estimated 30,000 troops in areas of Ukraine occupied since 2014note 2: prior to the invasion of Ukraine, Russia was assessed to have about 3,000-5,000 private military contractors conducting military and security operations in Africa and the Middle East, including in the Central African Republic, Libya, Mali, Sudan, and Syria, 2,450 (plus about 500 police) Central African Republic (approximately 1,700 for MINUSCA; an additional 750 troops sent separately under a bilateral agreement with CAR in August, 2021); up to 2,000 Mozambique (deployed mid-2021 under a bi-lateral agreement to assist with combating insurgency; includes both military and police forces); 2,600 (plus about 400 police) South Sudan (UNMISS) (2022), estimated 2,500-5,000 Yemen (varies depending on operations) (2022), 750 Gambia (ECOMIG); 970 Mali (MINUSMA); note - Senegal also has about 1,100 police deployed on various UN peacekeeping missions (2022), maintains permanent training detachments of military personnel in Australia, France, and the US (2022), 240 Cyprus (UNFICYP); up to 150 Latvia (NATO) (2022)note: in response to Russias 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Slovakia, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe, 200 Kosovo (NATO); 100 Slovakia (NATO) (2022)note: in response to Russias 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Slovenia, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe, 1,150 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); up to 1,500 Mozambique (part of a Southern African Development Community force to help quell an insurgency) (2022), approximately 200 Iraq (NATO/EU training assistance); up to 600 Latvia (NATO); 650 Lebanon (UNIFIL); approximately 200 Romania (NATO); approximately 500 Mali (EUTM); 150 Turkey (NATO) (2022)note: in response to Russias invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including Spain, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe, 110 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 125 Lebanon (UNIFIL); 240 Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022), approximately 750 Democratic Republic of the Congo (East African Community stabilization force)Sudan joined the Saudi-led coalition that intervened in Yemen in 2015, reportedly providing as many as 40,000 troops during the peak of the war in 2016-17, mostly from the Rapid Support Forces; by 2021, Sudan had reduced the size of the force to about a brigade (approximately 2-3,000 troops) (2022), 450 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 850 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 125 Lebanon (UNIFIL) (May 2022), 730 (plus about 300 police) Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022), 325 Central African Republic (MINUSCA); 100 Mali (MINUSMA) (May 2022), approximately 150 (Azerbaijan; monitoring cease-fire, clearing mines); 250 Bosnia-Herzegovina (EUFOR); approximately 30,000 Cyprus; estimated 5,000 Iraq; 300 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR); 110 Lebanon (UNIFIL); estimated 500 Libya; up to 5,000 Qatar; approximately 200 Somalia (training mission); estimated 5,000-10,000 Syria (2022)note 1: between 2016 and 2020, Turkey conducted four significant military ground campaigns in northern Syria; Turkey also has deployed troops into northern Iraq on numerous occasions to combat the Kurdistan Worker's Party (PKK), including large operations involving thousands of troops in 2007, 2011, and 2018, and smaller-scale operations in 2021 and 2022; Turkey has also conducted numerous air strikes in both Iraq and Syria; in October of 2021, Turkeys parliament extended the militarys mandate to launch cross-border operations in Iraq and Syria by two more yearsnote 2: in 2020, Turkey deployed hundreds of Turkish troops and as many as 5,000 Syrian fighters to Libya to support the Libyan Government of National Accord, 6,800 Somalia (6,200 ATMIS; 625 UNSOM); 250 Equatorial Guinea (training mission) (2022)note: in December 2022, Uganda sent approximately 1,000 troops to the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) as part of a newly formed East Africa Community Regional Force (EACRF) to assist the DRC military against the rebel group M23, note: prior to the Russian invasion in 2022, Ukraine contributed about 500 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Poland and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units; units affiliated with the multinational brigade remain within the structures of the armed forces of their respective countries until the brigade is activated for participation in an international operation, estimates vary; reportedly a few hundred remain in Yemen; has maintained some troops at military bases in Eritrea and Somalia (Somaliland) (2022), approximately 1,000 Brunei; approximately 400 Canada (BATUS); approximately 2,500 Cyprus (250 for UNFICYP); approximately 1,000 Estonia (NATO); approximately 1,200 Falkland Islands; approximately 200 Germany; 570 Gibraltar; approximately 1,400 Middle East (including Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE); up to 350 Kenya (BATUK); approximately 350 Mali (MINUSMA); 150 Poland (NATO) (2022)note: in response to Russias 2022 invasion of Ukraine, some NATO countries, including the UK, have sent additional troops and equipment to the battlegroups deployed in NATO territory in eastern Europe, 5,000 Africa (mostly in Djibouti, with approximately 700-1,000 in other countries of East Africa and about 700 in West Africa); 1,700 Australia; 250 Diego Garcia; 150 Canada; 650 Cuba (Guantanamo Bay); 290 Egypt (MFO); approximately 100,000 Europe (Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Greece, Italy, Kosovo, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Turkey, UK); 150 Greenland; 6,200 Guam; 370 Honduras; 56,000 Japan; approximately 15,000 Middle East (Bahrain, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates); 125 Philippines; 28,000 South Korea; 200 Singapore; 100 Thailand (2022)note: US military rotational policies affect deployment numbers; the US deploys ground and air units to select countries for 6-12 month rotational assignments on a continuous basis; in South Korea, for example, the US continuously rotates combat brigades (approximately 3,000 personnel) for 9 months at a time; contingencies also affect US troop deployments; in 2019-2020, the US deployed more than 15,000 additional military personnel to the Middle East for an extended period of time and in 2022, it sent more than 30,000 reinforcements to Europe in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine; in addition, some overseas US naval bases, such as the headquarters of US Naval Forces Central Command (USNAVCENT) in Manama, Bahrain, are frequented by the crews of US ships on 6-9 month deployments; a US carrier strike group with an air wing and supporting ships typically includes over 6,000 personnel, 830 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 210 Golan Heights (UNDOF) (May 2022), there are about 75,000 uniformed UN peacekeepers deployed worldwide (2022), 930 Central African Republic (MINUSCA) (May 2022), Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI).