Additionally, Professor Reva Siegel analyzes equal protection laws narrow focus on racial classification to the exclusion of facially neutral laws that regulated racial status in matters of employment, political participation, and criminal justice.7070. Just a few weeks before Grays death, Mosby instructed the Division Chief of her offices Crime Strategies Unit to target the exact intersection where the officers first encountered Gray North Ave. and Mount St. with enhanced drug enforcement efforts.1919. See Stahly-Butts & Akbar, supra note 88, at 10. If the criminal legal system is organized by laws, it is worth thinking about the character and power of the law. Instead, Gonzalez offers offenders the opportunity to take a drug class and pay a $250 fine within thirty days.3939. Why feeling like a fake can be a sign of growth. The Stockdale Paradox, made famous in Jim Collins's bestselling book From Good to Great, and the related discipline of survival psychology shine a light on the present moment and contains wisdom for how leaders can manage the unrolling crisis. . at 6, but do not address the problem of police accountability. It helps provide significant community and arts resources for education. See Timeline, supra note 4; Rentz, supra note 5. This Note, too, aims to push the reformers to develop more critical alternatives. Professor and former prosecutor Paul Butler explains that as a prosecutor, you need [police officers] to help you make your cases (every prosecutor has experienced having a police officer catch an attitude, sometimes in the middle of a trial, and purposely ruin your case because they dont like you). Paul Butler, Opinion, The System Must Counteract Prosecutors Natural Sympathies for Cops, N.Y. Times Room for Debate (Apr. See Jocelyn Simonson, Democratizing Criminal Justice Through Contestation and Resistance, 111 Nw. In November 2017, Larry Krasner was elected District Attorney of Philadelphia after running on a platform that called for an end to mass incarceration.2222. See Henry Gass, Meet a New Breed of Prosecutor, Christian Sci. Butler, supra note 88, at 116; William J. Stuntz, The Pathological Politics of Criminal Law, 100 Mich. L. Rev. See Stephanie Clifford & Joseph Goldstein, Brooklyn Prosecutor Limits When Hell Target Marijuana, N.Y. Times (July 8, 2014), https://nyti.ms/VGapDb [https://perma.cc/JKS7-8F5V]; Brian X. McCrone, Marijuana Criminal Cases Dropped en Masse by Philadelphia District Attorney, NBC 10 (Feb. 28, 2018, 8:20 AM), https://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/local/Marijuana-Criminal-Cases-Dropped-En-Masse-by-Philadelphia-District-Attorney-Larry-Krasner-474228023.html [https://perma.cc/9Y9F-ZZF8]. For example, diversion programs might be celebrated as acts of grace, but they also divert energy from challenging the power of a prosecutor to make an individual submit to state monitoring. [13] Lopez hosted a late-night talk show entitled Lopez Tonight on TBS Monday through Thursday at midnight Eastern Time. Indeed, the leader of Philadelphias police union has publicly accused reform-minded DA Larry Krasner of intentionally [seeking] to endanger [cadets] lives, and called Krasners supporters parasites.122122. The "privacy paradox" is the phenomenon where people say that they value privacy highly, yet in their behavior relinquish their personal data for very little in exchange or fail to use measures to protect their privacy. at 59192. He was also named one of "The Top 25 Hispanics in America" by Time magazine in 2005. I was up when the show began. Ashley Whillans is a behavioral scientist and assistant professor in the Negotiation, Organizations & Markets Unit at Harvard Business School. Transformative reforms recognize that the problem of racial injustice within the criminal legal system is much deeper than anything an individual prosecutor can fix. As this Note discusses in Part III, giving more resources to police departments is unlikely to be in service of the very communities they police that acutely need more resources.125125. First, they note that power to effect change is concentrated at the top. Bell ran in part on a proposal to appoint special prosecutors in police misconduct cases.5555. Fourteen years later, George Lopez and Mayan Lopez . In some cases, these defendants are processed through community programs or entirely different courts.4545. Sun, https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/83342163-132.html [https://perma.cc/LZ9F-2BBB]. And they may think they have a public sample, but may not realize that their population is biased to start.. The examples of prosecutors refusing to charge individuals for certain petty offenses or diverting cases to less punitive settings illustrate the tremendous amount of power prosecutors have. The data sets boasted statistically tiny margins of error, raising confidence that the numbers were correct. Theodore M. Hesburgh, C.S.C., Professor Emeritus of Peace Studies, 107Hesburgh Center for International Studies Vesla M. Weaver, Frontlash: Race and the Development of Punitive Crime Policy, 21 Stud. The law constructs race. in 2002. Harvard University Department of Government CGIS - 1737 Cambridge Street Cambridge MA 02138 Phone: 617-496-0181 Fax: 617-495-0438 hochschild@gov.harvard.edu Vesla Weaver Assistant Professor University of Virginia Woodrow Wilson Department of Politics 223 Cabell Hall, P.O. If you have the resources, invest in data quality far more than you invest in data quantity, Meng said. yet we could not have achieved mass incarceration without them. But things did not go according to plan. Lopez has a deep commitment to nurturing the development of high-quality peace studies and peacebuilding education at the collegiate level. 25, 2018, 9:06 AM), https://www.phillymag.com/news/2018/04/25/krasner-budget-increase-da-office/ [https://perma.cc/Y652-8WZB]. endobj For example, the District Attorneys in Brooklyn and Philadelphia have instructed line prosecutors to limit the scenarios in which they prosecute low-level marijuana cases.3636. We may hope that prosecutors are minister[s] of justice8383. Id. Full ESG integration was the highest rated ESG strategy, with more than 60% of respondents believing that it has a beneficial impact on investment performance. She decried the trouble and pain mothers and fathers all across this country, specifically Freddie Grays mother Gloria Darden, or Richard Shipley, Freddie Grays step-father, [go] through on a daily basis knowing their sons mere decision to run from the police proved to be a lethal one.1717. See id. See id. The couple has a daughter, Mayan, born in 1996. Fax: 617-495-0438. Famous for predicting a Hillary Clinton victory, the polls were skewed by nonresponse bias, which in this case was the tendency of Trump voters to either not respond or define themselves as undecided.. In the context of criminal prosecutions, where the stakes involve the lives of individuals, agency costs will be high. Even if we have faith that a prosecutor might restrain herself, theres no certainty about what will happen once that prosecutor leaves office. [31], Though he was raised Catholic,[32] he is not religious, though he does believe in God and "the biblical themes of 'faith and love'". However, some argue that the power of the law is not uniformly a bad thing but can be used to create racial justice. at 26263 (noting that these same actors. endobj Fifth Circuit Delivers a New Law Enforcement Functions Test for Identifying Government Actors. [27] The divorce was finalized on July 1, 2011. On March 8, 2007, it was announced that George Lopez would join the Nick at Nite lineup. bruh im a '00 kid and I remember waking up to that shit lmao, I was born in 2004. 327, 33435 (2014) (describing coercive and threatening tactics available to prosecutors). In the same manner, there are simply some places where, either because of racial animus, fear of crime, or personal antipathy, progressive prosecution will not be a winning ballot item. Yet extant studies selectively leverage ancient wisdom, adopting some key insights while . He is a graduate of the Univer-sity of Texas in Austin, where he earned an un-dergraduate degree in business administration and a Ph.D. in social psychology. See Erin Cady, Prosecutorial Discretion and the Expansion of Executive Power: An Analysis of the Holder Memorandum, Harv. We should resist requests from progressive prosecutors to give their offices more money to be progressive,150150. Typically, promises to be tough on crime abound in District Attorney elections,2626. See id. Races in California, L.A. Times (June 6, 2018, 9:55 PM), www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-da-election-soros-20180606-story.html [https://perma.cc/FW92-UVW9]. 115141032, 115141034, 115141033, 115141037, 115141035, 115141036 (Md. Finally, police make a regular practice of encouraging individuals to commit crimes they might not have committed otherwise.109109. See Maryam Saleh, Prosecutor Who Convicted White Police Officer for Killing Black Teen Is Re-Elected in Contentious Race, The Intercept (Nov. 7, 2017, 8:58 PM), https://theintercept.com/2017/11/07/prosecutor-who-convicted-white-police-officer-for-killing-black-teen-is-re-elected-in-contentious-race/ [https://perma.cc/W6Y2-ATWL]. First, you can eat the bread. , Harvard Data Science Review airs COVID-19 findings. Cf. A characteristic reformist reform in the context of policing is the calls for body cameras, which have become a justification for the expansion of police budgets and increased surveillance on communities, id. Rohit Deshpand is a Baker Foundation Professor and Sebastian S. Kresge Professor of Marketing, Emeritus at Harvard Business School, where he has been teaching in the Advanced Management Program, the Program for Leadership Development, the Owner/President Management Program and in other executive education offerings. An effect that happens when you fall asleep watching TV and wake up to George Lopez In the recent "Understanding the Burden of Illness Associated with . For the sitcom he starred in, see. ISBN 978-61309-209-9 (hbk. The claims against Brandenburg were made public and led to cries for her resignation.119119. See Supplement to Defendants Joint Motion for Recusal of Baltimore City States Attorneys Office at 34, State v. Goodson, Nos. He is founding director of the Kroc Institutes annualSummer Institute on Teaching Peace in the 21st Century. European colonialism In theory, the police department will use this money to divert individuals away from court and into a community program.124124. Some might argue that nonenforcement is one way to achieve this goal. Mainstream progressive prosecution is silent on the project of redistributing power, and instead focuses on encouraging highly empowered individuals to usher in fairer policies.9393. Lopez had performed at the casino earlier that day in the evening. The Authenticity Paradox. The paradox has prompted much discussion in the public-health community including a string of letters in JAMA last month 2 in part because the epidemiology involved is complex, and. 305, 308, 330 (1976). Because of this, the election of a progressive prosecutor in a particular jurisdiction should not be seen as a one-way ratchet toward leniency: nothing prevents localities that favor progressive prosecution today from electing a traditional tough-on-crime prosecutor tomorrow. 16, 2018), https://whyy.org/articles/philadelphia-going-outside-box-diversion-program/>https://whyy.org/articles/philadelphia-going-outside-box-diversion-program/>https://whyy.org/articles/philadelphia-going-outside-box-diversion-program/ [https://perma.cc/C4HK-JQPP]. Id. These tactics are deployed in a criminal legal system that is fundamentally rotten, as explained in Part II. 16, 2018), https://medium.com/@derecka/dont-just-boycott-starbucks-boycott-the-police-57747d08f78 [https://perma.cc/USA9-L3BK]. See, e.g., Mercer County Prosecutors Off., http://mercercountyprosecutor.com/ [https://perma.cc/MP9B-N6UA] (describing its task as fostering an environment of law abidingness); Mission Statement, OC District Atty, http://orangecountyda.org/office/mission.asp [https://perma.cc/R7RP-TN5P] (stating a commitment to the vigorous enforcement of criminal and civil laws). Despite the laudatory goals of progressive prosecution, line attorneys facing perverse incentives and ingrained practices still have power over defendants; police officers still have power over everyone; diversion programs often expand the budget of police and district attorney offices; and voters may never elect, or may decide to remove, progressive prosecutors. . Never got sick but I remember waking up right at the intro. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Community Values, Rights, and Responsibilities, Its a Wild World: Future Scenarios for Feral Landscapes, 2023 President and Fellows of Harvard College. Citizens and community leaders demanded that the city fire the officers and press criminal charges against them.1010. While the most brazen cases may be easy to identify, reform-minded prosecutors will likely encounter far more instances in which line prosecutors who have questionable records can appeal to the notion that they were simply following the orders of former bosses. He is known for starring in his self-produced ABC sitcom. See Catherine Rentz, Videographer: Freddie Gray Was Folded Like Origami, Balt. Jan 2015. If a line prosecutor receives marching orders that create an obstacle to winning, she will likely find it difficult to set her instincts aside.103103. repulsive and reprehensible," and expressed "profound [] regret" about "Harvard's past association with . Embedded in the law are frames such as colorblindness, merit, terrorist, and the border that have disadvantaged people of color.6969. at 39. In an adversarial system, prosecutors, not unlike defense attorneys, like to win.102102. See Transcript: States Attorney Marilyn Mosby on the Dropped Charges, Balt. Jason Devaney, Soros Funded 12 Liberal District Attorney Candidates, 10 Won, Newsmax (Dec. 20, 2016, 5:19 PM), https://www.newsmax.com/Newsfront/soros-funded-liberal-district-attorney/2016/12/20/id/764932/ [https://perma.cc/2MJZ-3XCT]. joins Gil and me to discuss finding your fan base, performing at corporate gigs, surfing for the first time, jokes about the birds and the bees, and more on a brand new episode of the. @omghipodcast. Recently, as the result of lengthy community organizing, the Chicago City Council approved a $5.5 million reparations package that provides up to $100,000 to victims of torture by the Chicago Police Commander and those under his supervision between 1972 and 1991.145145. Ct. June 9, 2015). lopez.1@nd.edu, Areas of expertise: Economic sanctions; peacebuilding; human rights; United Nations; North Korea; peace studies program development. As discussed in section I.C, a common demand among those pushing for reform of prosecutors offices is for prosecutors to bring charges against police officers who improperly use lethal force. More strikingly, members of Congress who voted against civil rights measures proactively designed crime legislation and aggressively fought for their proposals.7575. They accounted for education, race, ethnicity, political partisanship, and even provided tablets with internet access to offline respondents to ensure their points of view were registered. Abbe Smith, Can You Be a Good Person and a Good Prosecutor?, 14 Geo. <>>> For example, consider Philadelphia, where Lynne Abraham once served four terms as District Attorney and became known as the most zealous death penaltyseeker in the country.2828. [12], On March 28, 2009, it was announced that Lopez would be hosting his own late-night talk show on TBS. Phone: 617-496-0181. w52r#yM#Yo.&4&S"8EXh][Y`k |GW&=?:%`y*.=_3kxI+R10FbI1 j?$vZrZbX-#x&W\)!J>VFR>Bz#`Vhz} yu/BW]oL,dz3Zd/$enCh]I/lCS]UMtn\9 ~8 '85d,y9bndc|atNV1PO>Mv= ,ytf(@/Nn1=M\!D;6W !p LsR"LOLaFJ Ben-Shahar's passion is teaching, and he goes on to explain how he teaches positive psychology. In 2005, his wife Ann donated one of her kidneys to Lopez. This program has assisted the development of peace research and studies programs in more than 100 higher education institutions across five continents. By producing images from each encounter, I examined my attitude toward it. Progressive prosecutors, however, commonly call for police accountability.4949. Cavemen garnered a sharply negative reception from critics and viewers, and was canceled after 13 episodes. Perhaps the worst-case outcome of this new movement would be the election of a few highly visible nontraditional prosecutors in a select set of places, lending a patina of morality to a fundamentally immoral system even while the vast majority of prosecutors conduct business as usual. In August 2005, Time magazine recognized George as one of "The 25 Most Influential Hispanics in America". [24], He is a two-time host of the Latin Grammy Awards, and a co-host of the Emmy Awards. Late in his presidency, George Washington told his Secretary of State, Edmund Randolph, that in the event of a conflict between North and South, he had "made up his mind to leave Virginia and move . . Second, police can use their privileged status to force individuals to comply with orders against the threat of charges.108108. Unbound 109, 113 (2013). When I first saw these I almost thought that happened to me too as a kid - I did sometimes stay up late and see George Lopez on nick@nite, but then I remembered i barely ever fell asleep in the same room as a TV, and when I did it was never on while I slept. Respondents were asked whether they believed various ESG strategies improve or reduce investment returns relative to a market benchmark. Recently, voters in St. Louis County ousted McCulloch in a rebuke of his inaction, replacing him with a more progressive candidate, Wesley Bell.5454. Eventually, Gray emerged unconscious with a nearly severed spinal cord and a crushed voice box.77. The study examined more than 1,000 shootings in 10 . Mgmt. inaugural non-residential fellows of the Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft. During over 36 years of affiliation with the Kroc Institute, Lopez has engaged in a diverse set of policy and public roles. Additionally, head prosecutors cannot scrutinize the discovery process of every case. .6767. 2463, 2541 (2004) (Self-interest and risk aversion motivate most line attorneys to safeguard their reputations, win-loss records, and egos by not risking losses at trial.). Mosbys unapologetic prosecution of the officers in Grays case places her in the recently emerging league of progressive prosecutors. But her zeal obscures her complicity. Elizabeth H. Bradley and Lauren A. Taylor. [citation needed] The following year Lopez reprised his role as Papi for Beverly Hills Chihuahua 2, and was the voice of a toco toucan, Rafael, in the animated box-office hit Rio, alongside Jesse Eisenberg, Anne Hathaway, will.i.am, and Jamie Foxx. Andr Gorz, Strategy for Labor 7 (Martin A. Nicolaus & Victoria Ortiz trans., 1967). Lopez will be awarded the foundation's medal at Harvard's Annual Cultural Rhythms ceremony on Saturday, Feb. 28. Trib. While line prosecutors must run many charging decisions by their bosses, not every decision they make or interaction they have is supervised. at 109. at 79. He currently lives with his wife, two children, his mother, and his father-in-law. "It is the most surprising result of my career," said Roland G. Fryer Jr., the author of the study and a professor of economics at Harvard. He has written more than 40 articles and book chapters and authored or edited six books (often with Kroc Institute faculty memberDavid Cortright) on sanctions. Davis L. Rev. This theory helped spur the discovery of a host of beneficial plant compounds known as polyphenols. He joins the DC Extended Universe in the upcoming superhero film Blue Beetle, releasing in-theaters in 2023.His extensive film credits include Walking with Herb, the . Unable to stand or walk, Gray was dragged to the back of a police van where he would spend the next forty minutes handcuffed, shackled, unbuckled, and, while conscious, begging for his twenty-five-year-old life as the officers drove around the city making several stops.66. Police performance can be neither supervised by head prosecutors nor evaluated by prosecutors, who do not necessarily have the skills to evaluate their on-the-job work. A recently filed Arizona lawsuit challenges the constitutionality of funding diversion programs with fees charged to participants and exposes how these programs can be used to fund more oppression.128128. St. Louis County Prosecutor Robert McCulloch grudgingly sought an indictment against Browns killer after massive public outcry.5252. <> Theodore M. Hesburgh, C.S.C., Professor Emeritus of Peace Studiesat the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, where he was a founding faculty member. Standard (Dec. 8, 2017), https://psmag.com/social-justice/a-tale-of-two-drug-wars [https://perma.cc/AEW6-PY8H]. This problem of institutional design is not unique: rather, it is a standard principal-agent problem.9797. Mosby was lauded for wielding her position as the citys chief prosecutor to insist on police accountability.1414. by. He used his on the dance group Malevo. See Steve Schmadeke, Kim Foxx Promises New Path of Transparency as Cook County States Attorney, Chi. And all these observations about the content of the law are to say nothing about its enforcement on the street, which, too, is racially oppressive.8181. In part, this is becauseas with the framework's view of predatory pricingthe primary harm that registers within the "consumer welfare" frame is higher consumer prices. New York, NY, PublicAffairs, 2013. Initial reading is to get a rough idea of what information is provided . For a fuller discussion of critical race theory and claims about the law, see Paul Butler, The System Is Working the Way It Is Supposed To: The Limits of Criminal Justice Reform, 104 Geo. at 576 (noting some jurisdictions have a unique history of problems with racial discrimination in voting). From 2013-15, he was the Vice President of the Academy for International Conflict Management and Peacebuilding at the United States Institute of Peace (USIP) in Washington, D.C. All around the world, policymakers and scientific advisers are trying to make sense of COVID data, said Seth Flaxman, an associate professor at Oxford University, 2008 alumnus of Harvards computer science and mathematics program, and corresponding author in the paper. His doctors had told him in April 2004 that he was going to require an organ transplant but he postponed the operation until finishing the fourth season of George Lopez. Daniel Richman, Prosecutors and Their Agents, Agents and Their Prosecutors, 103 Colum. See Clifford & Goldstein, supra note 36. It is a "slice of life" show featuring a predominantly Mexican and Mexican American cast. Such reforms attempt to fix broken systems without realizing that these systems are working to re-entrench and legitimize current power arrangements.9191. The reality, however, is much more fraught. Mag. When so many resources are already allocated to police, it does not make sense to allocate the marginal dollar to additional police resources; rather, that dollar is better spent funding other social services. The second limitation is that progressive candidates are not embraced in every jurisdiction. A 2016 New York Times article illustrates how diversion can bankrupt the poor and prolong their entanglement with the criminal legal system by assessing onerous fees that many cannot afford.126126. George Edward Lopez (born April 23, 1961) is an American stand-up comedian and actor. Brandenburg carried out the prosecution of the two officers who killed Boyd, which resulted in a mistrial, but bowed to outside pressure and did not run for reelection in 2016.121121. Similarly, the Census Household Pulse, which tallied 75,000 responses weekly, also had an effective sample size 99 percent lower in May 2021. bitterly opposed a bill for penalties for violence against civil rights workers). See id. See id. Racism motivated laws enacted at the birth of mass incarceration; Professor Michelle Alexander brands the entire criminal legal system as a racial caste system.7272. Lopez reflected on the Lucha Libre wrestling . When underlying bias is poorly understood as in the 2016 election it can be masked by confidence created by the large sample size, leading researchers and readers astray. Jean Marbella, Six Baltimore Police Officers Charged in Freddie Grays Death, Balt. Additionally, earlier this year, prominent civil rights activist and writer Shaun King cofounded a political action committee (PAC) to help fund campaigns of reform-minded prosecutors.3232. What happens to our immune systems when we get a booster and will COVID boosters stay on the list? 183, 18788 (2007) (explaining how win rates fit into prosecutors self-perceptions as minister[s] of justice, id. Moreover, we have at least one strong reason to expect defiance. Rev. Sun (Apr. As described by Professor Amna Akbar and Marbre Stahly-Butts, Partnership Director at Law for Black Lives, reformist reforms misdiagnose the depth of the problem.9090. Eating pattern tied to 24% reduction in cardiovascular, cancer mortality in people diagnosed with the chronic condition, HMS/Brigham study shows most advertised medicines little better than other treatment options, Khalil Gibran Muhammad says College Board needs to stand firm behind curriculum, Chief counsel of respected mid-70s Senate inquiry into improper federal investigations says credibility of oversight function at stake, 2023 The President and Fellows of Harvard College. Since 1992, Lopez has advised the United Nations, various international agencies, and governments on economic sanctions issues, ranging from assessing their humanitarian impact to the design of targeted financial sanctions. See id. Previously, Lopez was featured in the 2000 drama Bread and Roses. See Aviv, supra note 111. The governor of a state where a survey shows that 70 percent are vaccinated against COVID, for example, might relax public health measures. 386, 39495 (1937); Michael C. Jensen & William H. Meckling, Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure, 3 J. Fin. Id. When a Dutch multinational with a matrix structure acquired the company, George found himself working with peers who saw decision making as a freewheeling contest for the best-debated ideas. The Paradox - Harvard Graduate School of Design Projects The Paradox Project Type Student Work Fall 2017 Department Department of Landscape Architecture Course It's a Wild World: Future Scenarios for Feral Landscapes Je Sung Lee (MDes '19) There are at least two major limitations to relying on voters to select progressive prosecutors. During over 36 years of affiliation with the Kroc Institute, Lopez has engaged in a diverse set of policy and public roles. States Attorney Marilyn J. Mosby filed criminal charges against the six police officers who were involved in Grays arrest and transportation to the police station.1212. Pragmatically, fairer policies are helpful. This restriction of power is different from an attempt to restrict discretion, which motivated the development of the federal sentencing guidelines in the mid-1980s (now largely regarded as a failure).142142. . 3-6-9. From the Magazine (January-February 2015) Jelly Baby Family, pigmented urethane resin on granite . News at the . When it comes to survey data, all sorts of data quality issues, such as vaccinated respondents being more likely to respond to surveys and marginalized groups being underrepresented, can lead to incorrect estimates.. Trib. Traditional prosecutors tend to abandon their zealous investigation and prosecution tendencies when the perpetrator of a crime is a police officer. The study, funded mainly by NASA, was carried out in the sleep lab at Boston's Brigham and Women's Hospital, where Wright was a staff neuroscientist and instructor at Harvard Medical School before . The study conducted with Oxfords Dino Sejdinovic identifies areas of potential bias in the vaccination polls. Those who answer no advance a few points. One of the best-known examples of Simpson's paradox comes from a study of gender bias among graduate school admissions to University of California, Berkeley. Consider the use of Willie Hortons case during the 1988 Presidential election. Money is time. (Mar. 2 0 obj The author cites three intellectuals of the period who argued for an indoctrination of citizens: an educational goal which clashed with the right to dissent and to make independent political and moral judgments. A homeless man police encountered camping in the mountains, Boyd had been spotted grasping two small knives.114114. "From Paradigm Dominance to Paradigm Hybridity: Scholarships Relevance to Peacebuilding. See Symposium | Good People Should Not Be Prosecutors: A Debate, YouTube (Aug. 4, 2014), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wLv3U0TiPfg [https://perma.cc/9JVX-TLGU]. As a result, justice for Michael Brown was denied. The demise of the Voting Rights Act can provide a useful analogy that illustrates the pitfalls of leaving issues of racial justice to the whims of voters in individual jurisdictions. The French Paradox refers to the notion that drinking wine may explain the relatively low rates of heart disease among the French, despite their fondness for cheese and other rich, fatty foods.